A cewar Kamfanin Dillancin Labaran Hauza, ana gabatar da jerin bahasin Mahdawiyya mai taken “Zuwa ga Al’umma Mai Manufa”, da nufin yaɗa koyarwa da ilmummukan da suka shafi Imam Mahdi (A.J.T.F.S), domin amfanin masu ilimi da masu nazari.
Daya daga cikin muhimman batutuwa a zamanin gaiba shi ne batun wilaya da kula da al’amuran Musulmi.
A bayyane yake cewa tun farkon bayyanar Musulunci, batun wilaya da jagorancin al’umma yana nan. Manzon Allah (S.A.W.W), sannan bayansa Imamai Ma’asumai (A.S), ba wai kawai sun bayyana addinin Musulunci da shari’arsa da ma’arifarsa ba ne, a’a, su ma sun kasance Imamai, waliyyai kuma shugabannin al’umma. Wato dukkan Musulmi suna da alhakin biyayya gare su a cikin dukkan al’amuran rayuwa na mutum ɗaiɗaiku da na jama’a. Kuma babu wani ɗan Shi’a Musulmi da yake da shakka a kan wannan gaskiya.
Tambayar ita ce: bayan gaibar Imami na goma sha biyu (A.S), wanene yake da alhakin jagoranci da imamancin al’umma? Shin akwai wani mutum ko wasu mutane da suke da wilaya a kan al’umma? Idan akwai, to ina ne iyakarta?
Amsar wannan muhimmiyar tambaya ita ce tun da dadewa ake tattaunawa a kan batun Wilayatul Faƙih.
Ma’anar Wilayatul Faƙih
Kalmar “wilaya” ta samo asali ne daga tushen “wali”, kuma a asali tana nufin kasancewar abu kusa da wani abu tare da wata alaƙa a tsakaninsu. Saboda haka ake amfani da ita a ma’anonin abota, taimako, da biyayya.
Daya daga cikin manyan ma’anoninta, wanda aka fi yawan amfani da shi, shi ne kulawa da tafiyar da al’amuran wasu. Da wannan ma’ana, “wali” shi ne wanda yake ɗaukar nauyin al’amuran wasu kuma yake kula da su. Wannan ita ce ma’anar da ake nufi a cikin Wilayatul Faƙih.
Kalmar “faƙih” kuwa ta samo asali ne daga “fiƙhu”, wato fahimta da sani, musamman game da ilimin addini. Saboda haka, Faƙih shi ne wanda yake da cikakkiyar masaniya game da ma’arifofi da hukunce-hukuncen Musulunci, kuma yake iya fitar da hukuncin Allah a cikin matsalolin rayuwar mutum da ta al’umma daga Alƙur’ani da ruwayoyin Musulunci.
Tarihin aƙidar Wilayatul Faƙih
Wasu suna tsammanin cewa Wilayatul Faƙih wani sabon abu ne da bai taɓa kasancewa a cikin fikihu da ilimin addinin Musulunci ba, kuma wai daga tunanin siyasar Imam Khumaini (R) ne kawai ya samo asali. Amma wannan babban kuskure ne, wanda ya samo asali daga rashin sanin fikihu da kuma maganganun Ma’asumai (A.S).
Batun Wilayatul Faƙih yana da tushe a cikin maganganun Ma’asumai. Saboda buƙatun addini da zamantakewa, su waɗannan manyan bayin Allah sun bayyana cewa malamai faƙihai suna da wani matsayi da wasu iko. Bayan su kuma, manyan faƙihan Musulunci sun ci gaba da tattauna wannan batu a ra’ayoyinsu. Ga wasu misalai:
Sheikh Mufid (ya rasu 413H) daya daga cikin manyan faƙihan Shi’a, ya ce: “Lokacin da babu sarki adali (wato Imami Ma’asumi) domin jagoranci, to ya wajaba a kan faƙihai na gaskiya, masu adalci, masu hankali da nagarta, su ɗauki nauyin abubuwan da suke kan sarki adali.” (Al-Muƙni'ah, shafi na 675)
Muhaƙƙiƙ Thani (Muhaƙƙiƙ Karaki) (ya rasu 940H) ya ce: “Yanke hukunci tsakanin mutane, aiwatar da haddi, da yin shari’a tsakanin masu saɓani, bai halatta ba sai ga wanda yake da izini daga wajen mai ikon gaskiya (wato Imam Ma’asumi). Irin wadannan ayyuka, a lokacin da su Imaman ba su da ikon aiwatar da su da kansu, babu shakka an mika su ga faƙihan Shi’a.” (Nukat al-Nihayat, juzu'i na 2, shafi na 17)
Ya kuma ce: “Faƙihan Imamiya sun yi ittifaki cewa faƙihi adali na Shi’a wanda ya cika sharuɗɗan bayar da fatawa, a zamanin gaiba, shi ne wakilin Imaman shiriya a cikin dukkan abubuwan da za su iya karɓar niyaba.” (Risa'il, Muhaƙƙiƙ al-Karaki, juzu'i na 1, shafi na 142)
Mulla Ahmad Naraƙi (ya rasu 1244H) wanda aka fi sani da suna Fadil Naraƙi, ya ce: “Duk abin da Annabi (S.A.W.W)) da Imamai (A.S), waɗanda su ne masu mulki kuma masu kare Musulunci, suke da wilaya da iko a kansa, faƙihi ma yana da irin wannan wilaya da ikon, sai dai idan akwai hujja da ta nuna akasin haka.” (Awa'id al-Ayyam, shafi na 187 da 188)
Ayatullah Gulpaigani (R), daya daga cikin manyan faƙihan wannan zamani, ya ce: “Iyakokin ikon faƙihai suna da faɗi... Iyakokin wilayar faƙihi wanda ya cika sharudda a cikin al’amuran shugabanci da tafiyar da zamantakewa, suna daidai da iyakokin ikon Imamai (A.S), sai dai abin da hujja ta ware.” (Al-Hidayat fi man lahu al-Wilayat, shafi na 86 da 87)
Abin da wannan yake nunawa
Waɗannan dai wasu kaɗan ne daga cikin maganganun manyan faƙihan Shi’a a ƙarnoni daban-daban. Akwai daruruwan sauran misalai a sarari da suke nuna cewa batun Wilayatul Faƙih ya kasance koyaushe cikin tunani da maganganun malaman Shi’a, kuma mafi yawansu sun yarda da shi.
Babban faƙihin wannan zamani kuma jagoran juyin juya halin Musulunci, Imam Khumaini (R), tare da cikakkiyar fahimtar zamani da hikima ta musamman, ya fito fili ya bayyana wannan aƙida ta Musulunci da addini, sannan ya gina tsarin gwamnatin Musulunci a bisa ita. Wato, ya aiwatar da batun Wilayatul Faƙih a fagen zamantakewar Musulmi, ya kuma gabatar da ita a matsayin mafi cikar tsarin gwamnatin addini a zamanin gaiba.
Wannan tattaunawa za ta ci gaba...
An ɗauko daga littafin “Negine Afrinesh”, tare da ɗan gyara kaɗan
Ra'ayinka