Kamfanin Dillancin Labaran Hauza ya ruwaito cewa, dangane da zagayowar ranar shahadar Imami na tara, Imam Muhammad al‑Jawad (A.S), an gabatar da wani rubutu mai taken “Imam Jawad (A.S); Rayuwa Gajera Amma Mai Cike da Manyan Hidimomi” ga masu ilimi da masu sha’awar ilimi.
Gabatarwa
Imamin Shi'a na tara, sunansa Muhammad, alkunyarsa Abu Ja’afar, kuma mafi shaharar lakabinsa su ne Taƙi da Jawad. An haifi wannan babban Imami a cikin watan Ramadan na shekarar 195 Hijira a birnin Madinatul Munawwara.
Mahaifinsa shi ne Imam Ali bin Musa al‑Ridha (A.S), Imam na takwas na Shi’a. Sunan mahaifiyarsa kuwa Sabika ne, wadda take daga zuriyar Mariyah al‑Qibɗiyya, matar Manzon Allah (SAWA). Ta kasance mace mai kyawawan halaye da ɗabi’u masu girma, kuma tana daga cikin mata mafiya daraja a zamaninta. Har ma Imam Ridha (A.S) ya kasance yana yabonta da cewa mace ce mai tsarki, mai kamun kai, kuma mai kyawawan dabi’u.
Muna miƙa ta’aziyya kan shahadar wannan babban Imam ga Imam Mahdi (A.J), manyan maraji’ai da kuma dukkan mabiya Ahlulbait (A.S) a duniya. A nan kuma muna gabatar da ɗan gajeren bayani game da rayuwarsa, dalilin da ya sa mutane da dama ba su san shi sosai ba, da kuma falalolinsa da gadon ilimi da ya bari.
1. Haihuwar Imam Jawad (A.S)
Imami na tara wanda sunansa Muhammad, alkunyarsa Abu Ja’afar, lakabinsa kuma mafi shahara Taƙi da Jawad, an haife shi a watan Ramadan na shekarar 195 Hijira a birnin Madina. Mahaifinsa shi ne Imam Ali bin Musa al‑Ridha (A.S), Imami na takwas na Shi’a. Mahaifiyarsa kuma ita ce Sabika, daga zuriyar Mariyah Qibɗiyya, matar Manzon Allah (SAWA). Ta kasance mace mai girman daraja da kyawawan halaye, har ma Imam Ridha (A.S) ya bayyana ta a matsayin mace mai tsarki, mai kamun kai da kuma mai daraja.
2. Dalilin da ya sa ba a san Imam Jawad (A.S) sosai ba
Akwai dalilai guda biyu da suka sa Imam Jawad (A.S) bai shahara sosai a cikin mutane kamar sauran Imamai ba.
a) Gajeriyar rayuwarsa
Kamar yadda tarihi ya nuna, Imam Jawad (A.S) ya yi shahada yana da shekaru 25 kacal. Saboda haka gajeriyar rayuwarsa na daga cikin dalilan da suka sa mutane ba su san shi sosai ba idan aka kwatanta da sauran Imamai (A.S) da suka rayu na tsawon lokaci. Duk da haka, a cikin littattafan hadisai na Shi’a akwai ilimi da ma’arifofi masu yawa da suka zo daga gare shi. Abin takaici, ba a yada su sosai a cikin al’ummar Shi’a ba. Idan masu bincike da masana suka yi ƙoƙari wajen bayyana gadon ilimi da al’adu na rayuwar Imam Jawad (A.S) ga jama’a, za a ga cewa ilimin da ya bari bai yi ƙasa da na sauran Imamai ba.
b) Yanayin musamman na zamaninsa
Imam Jawad (A.S) ya rayu a wani lokaci na musamman a tarihi wanda yake cike da rikice‑rikice da matsaloli, waɗanda ba su yawaita a zamanin sauran Imaman Shi’a ba. Ya rayu ne a lokacin mulkin khalifofi Abbasiyawa biyu: Ma’amun da Mu’utasim.
A wannan lokaci gwamnatin Abbasiyawa ta fara rauni. Bayan mutuwar Ma’amun, lokacin da Mu’utasim ya hau mulki, raunin gwamnatin ya ƙara bayyana. Idan shugaba mai ƙarfi yana mulki a cikin al’umma, hakan yana tasiri a kan dukkan al’amuran zamanin. Misali, lokacin da Yazid ya hau mulki, Imam Husain (A.S) ya yi tawaye har abin da ya faru ya faru ta yadda abin ya kai ƙololuwa wadda a zamanin sauran Imamai abin bai kai haka ba.
3. Halaye, ɗabi’a da ilimin Imam Jawadul A’imma (A.S)
a) Kyawawan halaye
Imam Jawad (A.S) kamar sauran shugabanni ma’asumai sun gaji wannan kyakkyawar ɗabi’a daga kakansu mai girma, Manzon Allah Muhammad bn Abdullah (S.A.W.A). A cikin Alƙur’ani ma an jaddada cewa musulmi su ɗauki ɗabi’ar Manzon Allah a matsayin abin koyi. Wato an shawarci musulmi su yi koyi da Annabi (S.A.W.A) a cikin halaye da rayuwarsu a dukkan matakai. ‘Ya’yan Annabi (S.A.W.A) da Ahlulbait (A.S) ma kamar Annabi suna da waɗannan kyawawan halaye.
b) Ilimi mai yawa
Wata muhimmiyar sifar Imam Jawad (A.S) ita ce ilimi mai faɗi da yawa. Kamar yadda iyayensa ma’asumai ma suke da wannan ilimi mai zurfi (ilmin ladunni), wanda Allah ke bai wa bayinsa na musamman. Wannan ilimi ya bayyana a cikin muhawarori da tattaunawar ilimi da ya yi, inda akwai misalai da dama da suka nuna hakan.
Mu Shi’a mun yi imani cewa wannan ilimi ya zo ne ta hanyar kakanninsa, kuma da ikon Allah ilimin Manzon Allah (S.A.W.A) ya wuce zuwa Imam Ali bn Abi Talib (A.S) sannan daga baya ya ci gaba daga Imami zuwa Imami har zuwa Mai ceton duniya, Imam Mahdi (A.J). Wannan ilimi na musamman da Allah ya ba wa waɗannan shugabannin mutane ya kasance tare da Imam Jawad (A.S) ma.
c) Taƙawa da tsoron Allah
Imam Jawad (A.S) kamar sauran Imaman Shi’a ya kasance cikakken abin koyi na taƙawa da tsoron Allah. Ya kasance misali na ibada, bautar Allah da kuma yawan sujada ga Allah. Saboda haka yana daga cikin cikakkun bayin Allah.
d) Ladabi da kyakkyawar mu’amala da kowa
Imam Jawad (A.S) yana mu’amala da kowa da ladabi da girmamawa. Wannan hali nasa ya sa maƙiyansa da masu adawa da shi ma suna jan hankalinsu zuwa gare shi. Hakazalika yana nuna tausayi da kyautatawa ga abokai da mabiyansa.
e) ‘Yanci da jarumtaka
Dukkan Imaman Ahlulbait (A.S) suna da wannan sifa. Ba su taɓa miƙa wuya ga zalunci ba, kuma suna shirye su jure wahala domin kare gaskiya. Wannan hali ya zama abin koyi gare mu domin kada mu yarda da zalunci a kowane lokaci, mu tsaya tsayin daka kan akidarmu kuma kada mu miƙa wuya ga makircin maƙiyan Musulunci. A wannan lokacin da Amurka da Sahyoniyawa da yaransu da suka ruɗa ke kai hari ga tsarkakan abubuwan da Musulmai ke girmamawa ta hanyar bugawa da yada barkwanci na zane‑zane (karikacha) da fina‑finai, wajibi ne Musulmai — musamman mabiyan Ahlulbait (A.S) na gaskiya — su kasance cikin haɗin kai da dunkulewa ta musamman, su fito fili ta hanyar halartar taruka, zanga‑zanga da gagarumar fafutuka, domin su tsaya tsayin daka wajen yaki da girman kan duniya. Kuma lallai sun yi hakan, kuma har yanzu suna ci gaba da yi.
4. Muhimman karamomi a rayuwar Imam Jawad (A.S)
a) Haihuwarsa
Haihuwar Imam Jawad (A.S) – wadda ta faru a ƙarshen rayuwar Imam Ridha (A.S) – wata karamace ta Allah. Har ma Imam Ridha (A.S) ya rika kiransa da yaro mai albarka ga Shi’a.
Abu Yahya al‑San’ani ya ce: wata rana a gaban Imam Ridha (A.S) aka kawo ɗansa Abu Ja’afar yana ƙarami. Sai Imam ya ce: “Wannan jariri ne wanda babu wani yaro da ya fi shi albarka ga Shi’armu.” Wasu daga cikin Shi’a kamar Ibn Asbat da Abbad bn Ismail suka tambayi Imam Ridha (A.S): “Shin wannan shi ne jaririn mai albarka?” Sai ya amsa: “Eh, wannan shi ne jaririn da babu wanda ya fi shi albarka a Musulunci.”
Dalilin wannan karama shi ne cewa zamanin Imam Ridha (A.S) ya kasance lokaci mai wahala wajen bayyana Imami na gaba. Bayan shahadar Imam Musa al‑Kazim (A.S) wasu mutane da ake kira Waƙifiyya sun ƙaryata Imamar Imam Ridha saboda dalilan duniya. A gefe guda kuma Imam Ridha (A.S) bai haifi ɗa ba har sai da ya kai kusan shekaru 47. Saboda ruwayoyin Annabi (S.A.W.A) sun nuna cewa Imamai su goma sha biyu ne, kuma tara daga cikinsu daga zuriyar Imam Hussain (A.S) ne, rashin ɗa ya zama hujja ga Waƙifiyya suka ƙaryata Imamar Imam Ridha.
Har ma wani daga shugabannin Waƙifiyya mai suna Husain bn Qiyama al‑Wasiti ya rubuta wa Imam Ridha wasiƙa yana cewa: “Ta yaya za ka zama Imam alhali ba ka da ɗa?” Sai Imam ya amsa masa: “Ta yaya ka san ba zan haifi ɗa ba? Wallahi ba za a daɗe ba Allah zai ba ni ɗa wanda zai rarrabe gaskiya da ƙarya.”
b) Imamancin Imam Jawad (A.S) yana yaro
Wata babbar karamace ita ce cewa Imama ta kai ga yaro mai shekaru takwas. Wannan ya faru da ikon Allah, kamar yadda aka ba Annabi Isa (A.S) Annabci tun yana jariri.
c) Muhawarorin ilimi na Imam Jawad (A.S)
Muhawarorin ilimi da Imam Jawad (A.S) ya yi da malamai na addinai da mazhabobi daban‑daban suna da muhimmanci sosai. Abin mamaki shi ne yadda wannan matashi yake iya kayar da manyan malamai na zamaninsa a muhawarori. Wannan ya zama wata babbar karamace da kuma hujja kan gaskiyar Imamar sa.
5. Gadon ilimi da daliban Imam Jawad (A.S)
Duk da gajeriyar rayuwarsa da Imamancinsa, Imam Jawad (A.S) ya tarbiyyantar da manyan dalibai da malamai. Daga cikinsu akwai:
- Abdul Azim Hassani
- Ali bn Mahziyar Ahwazi
- Fadl bn Shadhan Nishaburi
- Muhammad bn Sinan Zahiri
- Abu Nasr Bazanti Kufi
- Di’bil Khuza’i
Wadannan sun samu ilimi a wurinsa kuma sun ruwaito hadisai daga gare shi.
Ba malaman Shi’a ne kaɗai suka ruwaito hadisai daga Imam Jawad (A.S) ba; har ma malaman Ahlus‑Sunna sun ruwaito wasu daga cikin iliminsa. Misali:
- Khatib Baghdadi ya ruwaito hadisai daga gare shi da sanadinsa.
- Hafiz Abdul Aziz bn Akhdar Janabazi a cikin littafinsa Ma‘alim al‑Itrah al‑Tahira.
- Haka kuma malamai kamar Abu Bakr Ahmad bn Thabit, Abu Ishaƙ Tha‘alabi da Muhammad bn Manda sun ruwaito hadisai daga gare shi a cikin littattafan tarihi da tafsiri.
6. Shahadar Imam Jawad (A.S)
Ma’amun, khalifan Abbasiyawa, kamar sauran khalifofin Banu Abbas yana tsoron tasirin Imamai a cikin mutane. Saboda haka ya yi ƙoƙarin sanya Imam Jawad (A.S) a ƙarƙashin kulawarsa. Daya daga cikin dabarunsa shi ne ya aura masa ‘yarsa Ummul Fadl domin ta zama mai sa ido a kansa daga cikin gida.
Wata manufar wannan aure ita ce jawo Imam zuwa gare shi, yana tunanin cewa Imam zai yi sha’awar duniya da mulki, hakan zai rage darajarsa a idon mutane kuma Shi’a za su rabu, wanda zai ƙarfafa mulkin Abbasiyawa.
Har ila yau Ma’amun yana son ya nuna wa mutane cewa yana son Ahlulbait, domin ya hana Alawiyawa tayar da ƙiyayya da gwamnati.
Imam Jawad (A.S), wanda kamar sauran Imamai yake da sanin abin da zai faru, ya san makircin Ma’amun amma ya amince da wannan aure domin kare Shi’a daga cutarwar Ma’amun. Duk da haka tarihi ya nuna cewa Ma’amun bai cimma burinsa ba.
Imam Jawad (A.S) ya zauna a Madina har zuwa mutuwar Ma’amun. Bayan mutuwarsa, Mu‘utasim Abbasiy ya umarci a kawo Imam zuwa Baghdad tare da matarsa Ummul Fadl a shekara ta 220 Hijira. A cikin watan Dhul‑Qa’da na wannan shekarar, da umarnin Mu‘utasim aka sa masa guba, kuma a ranar 29 ga Dhul‑Qa’da 220 bayan Hijira ya yi shahada.
“Amincin Allah ya tabbata a gare shi ranar da aka haife shi, ranar da ya yi shahada, da kuma ranar da za a tashe shi yana rayayye.”
7. Gabatar da littattafai game da Imam Jawad (A.S)
Game da tarihi da rayuwar Ahlulbait (A.S) gaba ɗaya, da kuma musamman Imam Jawad (A.S), an wallafa littattafai masu yawa. Wasu sun yi bayani dalla‑dalla, wasu kuma sun yi bayani a takaice game da rayuwarsa da aikinsa.
Daga cikin manyan littattafan akwai “Mu‘ujam Ma Kutiba an al‑Rasul (S.A.W.A) wa Ahl Baytihi (A.S)” na Abdul‑Jabbar al‑Rifa‘i, wanda a zahiri wani babban kundin ilimi ne da aka buga a mujallidai 10.
Haka kuma littafin “Al‑Dhari‘ah ila Tasanif al‑Shi‘ah” na Marigayi Sheikh Agha Buzurg Tehrani (R) da sauran littattafan rijal, hadisi da tarihi na manyan malamai irin su:
- Sheikh Kulaini (r.a)
- Sheikh Mufid (r.a)
- Sheikh Saduq (r.a)
- Allama Barƙi (r.a)
- Sheikh Tusi (r.a)
duk suna cike da bayanai masu yawa game da rayuwar Imamai, kuma masana ilimi sun san su sosai.
Baya ga wadannan, akwai wasu littattafai da za a iya ambata (amma ambatonsu ba yana nufin an yarda da duk abin da ke cikinsu ba).
Littattafan Larabci
- A‘lam al‑Hidayah; al‑Imam Muhammad bn Ali “al‑Jawad” (A.S) – Kwamitin rubuce‑rubuce na Majma‘ al‑Alami li‑Ahlulbait, Qum, 1422H, shafi 251.
- Al‑Imam al‑Tasi‘ Abu Ja‘afar Muhammad al‑Jawad (A.S) – Sheikh Muhammad Hasan al‑Qubaisi al‑Amili, Beirut, 1983, shafi 117.
- Al‑Imam al‑Jawad (A.S) – Sayyid Abdul‑Razzaƙ al‑Musawi al‑Muƙarram, Najaf, 1371H, shafi 103.
- Al‑Imam al‑Jawad (A.S) – Kwamitin rubuce‑rubuce na Mu’assasat al‑Balagh, Tehran, 1989, shafi 119.
- Al‑Imam al‑Jawad (A.S); Qudwah wa Uswah – Sayyid Muhammad Taƙi al‑Modarresi, Tehran, 1984, shafi 72.
- Al‑Imam al‑Jawad (A.S) min al‑Mahd ila al‑Lahd – Sayyid Muhammad Kazim al‑Qazwini, Beirut, 1408H.
- Al‑Imam Muhammad bn Ali al‑Jawad (A.S) – Abd al‑Zahra Uthman Muhammad, Mashhad, Majma‘ al‑Buhuth al‑Islamiyya, 1408H.
- Al‑Imam al‑Mu‘jiza Muhammad al‑Jawad (A.S); Sirah wa Dirasah wa Tahlil – Kamil Sulaiman, Beirut, Dar al‑Kitab al‑Lubnani.
- Al‑Hayah al‑Siyasiyyah lil‑Imam al‑Jawad (A.S) – Sayyid Ja‘afar Murtada al‑Amili, Beirut, 1985, shafi 117.
- Muhammad al‑Jawad (A.S), al‑Imam al‑Mu‘jiza – Kamil Sulaiman, Beirut, 1988, shafi 360.
- Musnad al‑Imam al‑Jawad (A.S) – Sheikh Azizullah al‑Attardi, Mashhad, 1410H, shafi 355.
- Abu Ja‘afar Muhammad al‑Jawad (A.S) – Sayyid Muhsin al‑Amin al‑Amili, Beirut, 1983.
Littattafan Farisanci
- Pishvayan Hidayat; Jawad al‑A’imma, Imam Muhammad Taƙi (A.S) – Majma‘ Jahani Ahlulbait, Qum, shafi 385.
- Imam Jawad (A.S) – ƙungiyar marubuta ta Mu’assasat al‑Balagh, fassara: Mahmoud Sharifi, Tehran, 1368 Sh., shafi 168.
- Imam Muhammad Taji (A.S) – Sayyid Kazim Araf, Tehran, 1370 Sh., shafi 49.
- Pishvay‑e Nohom; Imam Muhammad Taƙi (A.S) – ƙungiyar marubuta, Qum, 1371 Sh., shafi 56.
- Tahlili az Zendegani wa Doran‑e Imam Muhammad Taƙi (A.S) – Fadlullah Salawati, Isfahan, 1364 Sh., shafi 610.
- Tahlili az Zendegani wa Zaman‑e Imam Jawad (A.S) – ƙungiyar marubuta karkashin Qawamuddin Washnavi Qumi, Qum, 1359 Sh., shafi 138.
- Hazrat Imam Muhammad Taƙi (A.S) – Fadlullah Kompani, Tehran, 1362 Sh.
- Hazrat Imam Muhammad Taƙi (A.S) – Mir Abolfath Da‘wati, Qum, shafi 32.
- Zendegani‑ye Imam Jawad (A.S) – Ahmad Sadiqi Ardestani, Qum, 1376 Sh., shafi 250.
- Zendegani‑ye Imam Muhammad Taqi (A.S) – Husain Emadzadeh, Tehran, shafi 334.
- Zendegani‑ye Hazrat Imam Jawad (A.S) – Murtaza Modarresi Chahardahi, Tehran, 1361 Sh., shafi 252.
- Zendegani‑ye Siyasi‑ye Imam Jawad (A.S) – Sayyid Ja‘afar Murtada Amili, fassara: Sayyid Muhammad Husaini, Qum, 1367 Sh., shafi 144.
- Negahi bar Zendegi‑ye Imam Jawad (A.S) – Muhammad Muhammadi Eshtehardi, Tehran, shafi 144.
- Negahi Gozara bar Zendegani‑ye Imam Jawad (A.S) – Sayyid Abdul‑Razzaƙ Musawi Muƙarram, fassara: Parviz Lulavar, Mashhad, 1371 Sh., shafi 177.
Ra'ayinka