A cewar Kamfanin Dillancin Labaran Hauza, a wannan zamani da dubban matasa suke halartar taron jama’a domin ganin wani influencer, sannan bidiyon wannan taro ya bazu daga wannan shafin sada zumunta zuwa wani, manazarta har yanzu suna jaddada muhimmancin abin da ake kira “ilimin kafofin watsa labarai” a cikin al’umma.
Ba mu manta ba cewa shekaru kaɗan da suka gabata mun ga dubban mutane da dama sun halarci jana’izar wani matashin mawaƙi a Tehran. Wannan taro ya ba manazarta da dama, ciki har da masana ilimin ɗan Adam da zamantakewa, mamaki, kuma a lokacin an gudanar da nazarce-nazarce iri-iri game da dalilin faruwar hakan, waɗanda kuma aka yaɗa ta hanyoyi daban-daban a kafafen yaɗa labarai da shafukan sada zumunta.
Kamar yadda wani gogaggen ɗan jarida ya bayyana, a irin wannan yanayi, akwai marubuta, malamai, fitattun masu fasaha da masu tunani da dama waɗanda suka shafe shekaru da dama suna aiki tuƙuru wajen raya al’adu da fasahar wannan ƙasa, amma aka yi bankwana da su cikin shiru tare da halartar mutane kaɗan. Babbar tambayar ita ce: Shin da gaske al’umma ta sauya ƙimominta?
Shin shahara ta fi ƙwarewa muhimmanci?
A cewar Dakta Mustafa Abru-Roshan, masanin ilimin zamantakewa kuma malamin jami’a, a yau muna rayuwa ne a wani zamani da ake samar da shahara cikin sauri fiye da yadda ake samar da mutunci da aminci. Shafukan sada zumunta sun zama kamar masana’antu da suke aiki dare da rana wajen samar da mutane waɗanda al’umma za ta ɗauka a matsayin abin koyi kuma masu tasiri.
Ya ƙara da cewa: “A irin wannan yanayi, difloma ta jami’a, shekaru da dama na gogewa ko matsayi na ƙwararru ba su zama tabbacin tasiri ba. Abin da yake da muhimmanci shi ne ikon jawo hankalin jama’a, musamman sabon ƙarni. A zahiri, mun shiga zamanin tattalin arzikin kulawa da hankali, wato zamanin da duk wanda zai iya jawo hankalin mutane da yawa zuwa gare shi, zai samu ƙarin ƙarfin zamantakewa, ko da kuwa ba shi da wani muhimmin matsayi na ilimi ko ƙwarewa.”
Rikicin fahimtar kai na sabon ƙarni a zamanin yau
Wannan masanin ilimin zamantakewa ya kuma yi ishara da wani muhimmin batu, inda ya ce: “Da alama sabon ƙarni ya fi kowane lokaci fuskantar rikicin fahimtar kansa, kaɗaici, damuwa da kuma buƙatar a gan shi. Ma’ana, matashin wannan zamani ba ya neman malamin da zai saurare shi kawai, sai dai yana neman wanda zai ji cewa yana fahimtarsa.”
Ya ƙara da cewa: “Saboda haka, misali, masu tasiri (influencers) suna amfani da harshe mai sauƙi, barkwanci, motsin rai, labaran rayuwar yau da kullum da kuma kasancewa a wayar salular matashi a kowane lokaci, domin su samar da alaƙar motsin rai tsakaninsu da matasa.”
Ya ce wani muhimmin abu kuma shi ne cewa matashi ba ya kallon waɗannan mutane a matsayin mashahurai kawai. A maimakon haka, suna sa shi jin cewa yana cikin wata ƙungiya kuma yana da alaƙa da su. Shi ma wannan mashahurin na duniyar intanet yana ganin kansa a matsayin wani ɓangare na wata al’umma ta intanet, inda ake ganin sa, yake bayyana ra’ayinsa, yake samun martani, kuma a ƙarshe yake jin cewa ya samu wata irin fahimtar kansa da matsayinsa.
Algorithm na shafukan sada zumunta da samar da jan hankali
Dakta Abru-Roshan ya kuma jaddada cewa: “A gefe guda, algorithm na shafukan sada zumunta yana ƙara ƙarfafa wannan ji a cikin mutum. Ma’anar ita ce, duk lokacin da mutum ya ƙara samun ƴan kallo, ana ƙara gabatar da shi ga mutane; kuma duk lokacin da aka ƙara gabatar da shi, sai ya ƙara zama kamar wanda ake so.”
Saboda haka, shahara ba lallai ne take samun ƙarfi daga inganci ba, tana iya samun ƙarfi daga maimaituwa da yawan bayyana. Wannan zagaye yana sa matashi ya yi tunanin cewa idan miliyoyin mutane suna bin wani mutum, to lallai shi ne mutum mafi muhimmanci kuma mafi amincewa a cikin al’umma.
A irin wannan yanayi, ƙwarewa na iya kasancewa cikin sauƙi a ƙarƙashin inuwar jan hankalin kafafen watsa labarai, kuma bambanci tsakanin kasancewa mashahuri da kasancewa ƙwararren masani yana ƙara dusashewa a hankali.
Al’adar shahara da rawar sabbin kafafen watsa labarai
Dakta Mahdi Islami, marubuci kuma malamin jami’a, ya bayyana cewa: “Al’adar shahara tana daga cikin muhimman abubuwan da za su taimaka wajen fahimtar halayen mutane a cikin shafukan sada zumunta. A halin yanzu, shafukan sada zumunta suna da muhimmiyar damar wajen samar da al’adar shahara.”
Ya ƙara da cewa: “A wannan fanni, shafukan sada zumunta da sabbin kafafen watsa labarai, musamman Instagram, suna ƙara samun muhimmanci saboda sun fi karkata ga hotuna, kuma suna samar da yanayi na mu’amala tsakanin masu amfani da su da kuma mashahurai.”
Ya ce: “Al’adar shahara yanayi ne da sanannun mutane, daga taurarin fina-finai da kiɗa zuwa ’yan wasan motsa jiki, YouTubers, influencers ko ma ɗalibin makaranta da yake da farin jini, suke kasancewa a tsakiyar hankalin mutane. Muna magana game da su, muna kallon hotunansu, muna kwaikwayon salon tufafinsu da yadda suke gudanar da rayuwarsu, wani lokaci kuma muna bin ƙananan bayanan rayuwarsu ta sirri.”
Marubucin kuma mai bincike kan al’amuran al’adu ya ci gaba da cewa: “Abu mai ban sha’awa shi ne wannan lamari bai takaita ga wata ƙasa guda ba; yana faruwa a duk faɗin duniya. A wannan yanayi, kafafen yaɗa labarai da shafukan sada zumunta suna yaɗa tsabar shahara ko’ina kamar yadda iska take yaɗa ƙwayoyin iri.”
Ya ce: “A irin wannan yanayi, abin da yake ƙara samun muhimmanci a kowace rana shi ne buƙatar muhimmantar da koyar da ilimin kafofin watsa labarai, musamman ga sabon ƙarni.”
Me ya sa muke buƙatar koyon ilimin kafofin watsa labarai?
Ya bayyana cewa: “Dole ne mu fahimci cewa ilimin kafofin watsa labarai ba wai kawai sanin yadda ake amfani da shafukan sada zumunta da manhajojin aika saƙonni ba ne. Ya haɗa da wasu ƙwarewa, kamar fahimtar algorithm da yadda yake aiki, domin mutum ya san dalilin da ya sa wani abu mai tsauri ko na sama-sama yake samun ƙarin masu kallo da kuma yaɗuwa sosai.”
Mahdi Islami ya ƙara da cewa: “A gefe guda, muna matuƙar buƙatar zurfafa tunanin bincike da tantancewa. Abin da ake nufi shi ne mutum ya iya bambance ko an samar da wani abun ciki ne domin ba da bayani, ko kuma domin jawo ƙarin hankali da tayar da motsin zuciya.”
Ya ce: “Sanin son zuciya a yadda muke mu’amala da shafukan sada zumunta shi ma wani muhimmin batu ne. Fahimtar yadda kafafen yaɗa labarai da masu samar da abun ciki suke amfani da dabarun ilimin halayyar ɗan Adam wajen karkatar da hankalinmu zuwa wasu batutuwa na musamman, waɗanda a lokuta da dama ba su da wani amfani ko kuma suna haifar da hayaniya kawai, abu ne mai matuƙar muhimmanci.”
Kada mu kasance masu amfana kawai!
Mahdi Islami ya yi nuni da wani muhimmin batu mai amfani a ƙarshe, inda ya ce: “A yayin fuskantar ambaliyar bayanai da hotuna na duniyar shahara, sau da yawa muna taka rawar masu amfani da abun ciki ne kawai. Amma idan wani lokaci muka sauya wannan matsayi muka zama masu samar da abun ciki da kanmu, tabbas kallonmu ga rayuwa zai sauya.”
Ya ƙara da cewa: “A wannan hanya, wataƙila za mu iya raba wata gogewa ko wata dabara da wasu, mu koyi wata ƙwarewa, ko ma ta hanyar wani abu mai sauƙi kamar ƙarfafa mutane da gayyatar su zuwa karanta littafi, mu yi tasiri mai kyau ga waɗanda suke kewaye da mu.”
Ya jaddada cewa: “A gefe guda, ya kamata mu sani cewa irin wannan shiga da bayar da gudummawa yana ƙara ƙarfafa jin ƙirƙira, iko da ma’ana a cikin rayuwarmu.”
Ra'ayinka