Kamfanin Dillancin Labaran Hauza | Wannan rubutun wani bincike ne na ilimi da wani masanin bincike a Hauzar Qom ya gudanar, shi ne muka ga dacewar fassara shi tare da kawowa masu karatunmu domin su amfana su ma. Da fatan za a karanta cike da natsuwa.
Gabatarwa
Batun kutse, leƙen asiri, tona bayanan sirri da shirye-shiryen kisa yana daga cikin muhimman batutuwan da suka bayyana a tarihin al'ummomi. A tarihin Musulunci da Shi'a ma, akwai ruwayoyi da bayanan tarihi da suka yi magana kan irin wadannan abubuwa tun daga zamanin kafin haihuwar Annabi Muhammad (S.A.W.A) har zuwa wasu manyan abubuwan da suka faru bayan wafatinsa.
Wannan bincike yana nazarin wasu daga cikin wadannan ruwayoyi da ikirarin tarihi, musamman wadanda suka shafi Yahudawa, matsayinsu a yankin Hijaz kafin bayyanar Musulunci, da kuma zarge-zargen da wasu majiyoyi suka kawo dangane da kutse, leƙen asiri da yunkurin kashe wasu daga cikin manyan mutane a tarihin Musulunci.
Ya kamata a lura cewa ba dukkan bayanan da aka kawo a cikin littattafan tarihi da ruwayoyi suke da matsayi iri daya wajen ingancin isnadinsu ba. Saboda haka, wannan bincike yana gabatar da wasu daga cikin nassosin da aka kawo a majiyoyi daban-daban tare da nuna bukatar bincike mai zurfi kan isnadinsu, mahallinsu da yadda malamai suka tantance su.
Kutse da Leƙen Asiri a Tarihin Al'ummomi
Kutse da leƙen asiri sun kasance daga cikin hanyoyin da bangarori daban-daban suka yi amfani da su wajen samun bayanai game da abokan hamayya. Samun bayanai kan lokaci na iya taimaka wa wata al'umma wajen gano hatsari kafin ya faru, yayin da rashin kula da bayanan sirri zai iya haifar da babbar matsala.
A saboda haka, binciken tarihin kutse da leƙen asiri yana da muhimmanci wajen fahimtar yadda rikice-rikicen siyasa, addini da soja da suka gudana a lokuta daban-daban.
A cikin tarihin Musulunci, akwai bayanai da dama game da yadda aka yi amfani da masu tattara bayanai, masu kutse da hanyoyin sirri a lokacin rikice-rikice. Wannan ya sa batun nazarin tushen tarihi na irin wadannan abubuwa ya zama mai muhimmanci.
Yahudawa da Sanin Bayyanar Annabi Muhammad (S.A.W.A)
Daya daga cikin batutuwan da suka bayyana a cikin Alkur'ani da wasu ruwayoyi shi ne sanin wasu daga cikin Ahlul Kitab game da Annabi Muhammad (S.A.W.A) kafin bayyanarsa.
Allah Madaukakin Sarki yana cewa:
«يَعْرِفُونَهُ كَمَا يَعْرِفُونَ أَبْنَاءَهُمْ»
Wato, sun san shi kamar yadda suka san 'ya'yansu.
Wasu masu tafsiri sun bayyana cewa wannan ayar tana magana ne kan yadda wasu daga cikin Ahlul Kitab suka sami bayanai game da siffofin Annabi Muhammad (S.A.W.A) a cikin littattafansu.
A wasu ruwayoyi kuma, an kawo bayanai game da sanin wurin bayyanar Annabi da kuma wurin hijirarsa.
Labarin Abdulmuttalib da Sarkin Yemen
A cikin littafin Al-Fadha'il na Shadhan bn Jabra'il al-Qummi, akwai wata ruwaya da ke magana kan tafiyar Abdulmuttalib zuwa Yemen.
Ruwayar ta ce Sarkin Yemen ya nemi ganawa da Abdulmuttalib a sirrance. A cikin wannan ganawa, Sarkin ya bayyana cewa ya samu bayanai a cikin littattafan Isra'ilawa game da wani Annabi da zai bayyana a nan gaba.
An nakalto cewa ya bayyana wasu siffofin wannan Annabi, tare da cewa sunansa zai kasance Muhammad da Ahmad.
Haka kuma, ruwayar ta ce Sarkin ya bayyana cewa mahaifansa za su rasu tun yana karami, yayin da kakansa zai taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kula da shi. A cewar ruwayar, Sarkin ya yi wa Abdulmuttalib gargadin ya kiyaye wannan sirri.
Wannan bayani yana daga cikin ruwayoyin da ake amfani da su wajen nuna cewa akwai wasu bayanai game da Annabin karshen zamani a cikin wasu tsofaffin littattafan addini.
Zaman Yahudawa a Yathrib da Yankunan Hijaz
A cikin wasu ruwayoyi da aka danganta ga Imam Sadiƙ (A.S), wadanda aka nakalto a cikin Al-Kafi, an bayyana cewa wasu Yahudawa sun sami bayanai daga littattafansu game da wurin hijirar Annabi Muhammad (S.A.W.A).
An nakalto cewa:
«إِنَّ مُهَاجَرَ مُحَمَّدٍ(ص) مَا بَیْنَ عِیرٍ وَ أُحُدٍ»
Wato, wurin hijirar Muhammad (S.A.W.A) yana tsakanin Dutsen Air da Dutsen Uhud.
A cewar ruwayar, wasu daga cikin Yahudawa sun bar wuraren da suke zaune domin neman wannan yanki. Wasu sun zauna a Taima, wasu a Fadak, wasu kuma a Khaibar.
Wadannan yankuna daga baya sun zama muhimman wurare a tarihin farkon Musulunci.
Matsayin Tattalin Arziki da Tsaro
A wasu bayanan tarihi, an bayyana cewa wasu daga cikin kabilun Yahudawa a yankin Hijaz sun sami karfin tattalin arziki. Haka kuma, sun gina wasu kagarai masu karfi, musamman a yankin Khaibar.
Wadannan kagarai sun kasance muhimman wuraren kariya a lokacin rikice-rikicen da suka faru daga baya.
Bugu da kari, wuraren da wasu daga cikinsu suka zauna suna da muhimmanci ta fuskar hanyoyin zirga-zirga tsakanin yankunan Larabawa da Sham.
Sai dai, danganta dukkan wannan tsarin zama kai tsaye da wani shiri guda daya na siyasa ko tsaro yana bukatar karin bincike na tarihi da kwatanta majiyoyi daban-daban.
Ruwayoyin da Suka Shafi Kakannin Annabi (S.A.W.A)
Wasu littattafai sun kawo ruwayoyi da ke magana kan zarge-zargen yunkurin cutar da wasu daga cikin kakannin Annabi Muhammad (S.A.W.A).
Daga cikin majiyoyin da aka kawo akwai littafin Al-Anwar fi Mawlid al-Nabi (S.A.W.A), wanda aka danganta ga Ahmad bn Abdullah al-Bakri. Haka kuma, wasu bayanai daga wannan littafi sun shiga cikin Bihar al-Anwar na Allama Majlisi.
A daya daga cikin ruwayoyin, an ce Hashim ya gargadi matarsa Salma game da kula da dansa Abdulmuttalib.
An nakalto cewa:
«فَإِنَّ لَهُ حُسَّاداً وَ عُقَداداً وَ أَشَدَّ النَّاسِ عَلَیْهِ الْیَهُودُ»
Wato, yana da masu hassada da makiya, kuma mafi tsananin adawa da shi su ne Yahudawa.
Wannan ruwaya tana daga cikin bayanan da ake gabatarwa wajen bayyana cewa wasu majiyoyi sun danganta Yahudawa da shirye-shiryen cutar da zuriyar da Annabi Muhammad (S.A.W.A) zai fito daga cikinta.
Amma tantance ingancin wannan ruwaya da sauran makamantanta yana bukatar nazarin ilimin ruwaya da tarihin majiyoyinsu.
Ruwayoyin da Suka Shafi Abdulmuttalib
A cikin wasu ruwayoyin da aka nakalto a Bihar al-Anwar, akwai labaran da suka shafi wani yunkuri na kashe Abdulmuttalib tun yana karami.
A daya daga cikin wadannan labarai, an ce wasu mutane sun gane shi sannan suka shirya kashe shi, amma daga baya bai samu cutuwa ba.
Haka kuma akwai wata ruwaya da ke magana kan wani shiri na sanya guba a cikin abinci domin cutar da iyalan Abdulmuttalib.
A cewar wannan ruwaya, an kai abincin zuwa gidansa cikin wani tsari na boye hakikanin manufar wadanda suka kawo shi, amma shirin bai yi nasara ba.
Ruwayoyin da Suka Shafi Abdullah, Mahaifin Annabi (S.A.W.A)
Wasu bayanai a cikin littattafan tarihi sun kuma kawo labarin wani yunkuri na kashe Abdullah, mahaifin Annabi Muhammad (S.A.W.A).
A cikin Manaqib Aal Abi Talib na Ibn Shahrashub, akwai wata ruwaya da ke magana kan yadda wasu daga cikin malaman Yahudawa suka sami wata alama da suka danganta da haihuwar Abdullah.
A cewar ruwayar, wannan ne ya sa suka fahimci cewa zuriyar Annabin da suke jira ta kai wani sabon matsayi. An kuma ce daga baya wasu daga cikinsu suka yi yunkurin kashe Abdullah. Ruwayar ta bayyana cewa wannan yunkuri bai yi nasara ba.
Wadannan bayanai suna daga cikin ruwayoyin da ke kokarin danganta wasu yunkurin cutar da zuriyar Annabi da bayanan da wasu daga cikin Ahlul Kitab suka samu game da bayyanar Annabin karshen zamani.
Yunkurin Kashe Annabi Muhammad (S.A.W.A)
Bayan bayyanar Musulunci, tarihin Annabi Muhammad (S.A.W.A) ya kawo wasu abubuwan da suka shafi yunkurin kashe shi.
Makircin Banu Nadhir
Daya daga cikin sanannun abubuwan da aka kawo a tarihin Musulunci shi ne makircin da aka danganta ga Banu Nadhir.
A cewar wasu bayanai, an shirya jefa wani babban dutse a kan Annabi Muhammad (S.A.W.A) domin kashe shi. Sai dai wannan shiri bai kai ga nasara ba.
Abinci Mai Guba Bayan Khaibar
Wani sanannen lamari kuma shi ne batun abincin da aka sanya masa guba bayan bude Khaibar.
A cewar ruwayoyin tarihi, wata mace Bayahudiya ta shirya abinci tare da sanya masa guba. An ce ta sanya guba musamman a wani bangare na naman da ta yi tsammanin Annabi (S.A.W.A) zai fi ci.
Wannan lamari yana daga cikin abubuwan da aka fi tattaunawa a cikin littattafan tarihin Annabi da ruwayoyi.
Sai dai akwai bambance-bambance a cikin ruwayoyi dangane da wasu bayanan da suka shafi sunan matar, yadda lamarin ya faru da kuma sakamakon da ya biyo baya.
Za mu ci gaba...
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